![]() Current flowing in Capacitor when AC is applied tend to lead the voltage by 90°. Interesting thing here is charging current and discharging current through a Capacitor when subjected to AC voltage depends on the change of voltage applied across its plates. And therefore with AC voltage capacitor will continue to allow current to flow through it indefinitely unlike DC where Capacitor blocks the current after a period of time. However when AC is applied Capacitor charges and discharges alternatively depending on its frequency. When DC voltage is applied Capacitor charges only in one direction. CAPACITOR WITH AC:Īs stated earlier Capacitor reacts differently when supplied with AC voltage. Now you can see the reason why we have compared Capacitor to a battery. This state is said to be discharged state of a Capacitor. After some time Capacitor Voltage Vc will reach zero and charge accumulated across it’s plates will be zero. The discharging current slows down after some point of time at this instant the rate at which voltage drop slows down as well. ![]() At this instant Voltage Vc starts dropping and the charge accumulated across its plates reduces. Once the voltage supplied stops, discharging current from the Capacitor starts flowing. ![]() Capacitor will hold this voltage Vc until voltage across it exists. The voltage developed across Capacitor is usually denoted by Vc. In this instance Capacitor is fully charged with Positive charge in one plate and equivalent Negative charge exists in another. At this point the charging current ceases to flow due to the developed voltage across Capacitor. The flow of charging current keeps charging the Capacitor until the voltage developed equals voltage applied across it. Also the charge built up across the plates develop a potential difference of voltage across the plates. As the charge across the Capacitor plates increases the charging current gradually gets reduced due to charge accumulation on its plates and it resists the flow of current. This results in Positive charge built up on one plate and Negative on another plate. The initial flow of this Charging current through the Capacitor will be very high. When DC voltage is applied across its terminals, current flows and charges it. Initially the Capacitor will be in discharged state meaning there will be zero charge across its plates. Let’s consider DC first and see how it reacts to DC. As stated above Capacitor acts differently to AC and DC. Now it’s time to dive bit deeper into Capacitor working. When we specify a Capacitance value as 1 Farad it means that the Capacitor holds charge of 1 Coulomb in its conducting plates when one voltage applied across its terminals. The Unit of measurement for Capacitance is measured in Farads. So each Capacitor has some Capacitance value in it. Where Q is the amount of Charge and V is the voltage applied across it. This Capacitance is given by the formulaĬircuits Library - 220+ practical circuits The larger the plates and smaller their distance of separation higher the Capacitance value will be. This Capacitance determines the maximum amount of charge it can store. We already know that a Capacitor is capable of storing electric charge in its plates. It’s pretty much like a Sandwich where we have two conducting plates and insulating material or Dielectric sandwiched between them.Įach Cap has specific Capacitance to it. It consists of a two conductive plates like the ones shown in the above diagram ( Plate 1 and Plate 2) where these two plates are separated by a small distance and with insulators in between them also known as Dielectrics. The construction of Capacitor is quite simple. We will explain this further in “Working of Capacitor section” now let’s see how a Capacitor is constructed. To make things interesting it reacts differently to DC ( Direct Current ) comparing to AC ( Alternating Current ). To simply put, it’s like a battery but it can only store charge temporarily. ![]() This Capacitor is capable of storing electric charge in it and and this results in developing a voltage or in other words potential energy across its terminals. You can check out the previous tutorial about – Resistors : Working and how to use in Circuits & Transistors : Working and how to use in circuits WHAT IS A CAPACITOR:Ĭapacitor is one of the passive component ( cannot generate energy on their own ) in Electronics. Also this tutorial will teach you on how to use Capacitor in practical circuits. This tutorial focuses on three important questions that a beginner will have about Capacitors.īy the end of this tutorial you will have better understanding about Working of Capacitors. This tutorial is written to provide a good understanding about Capacitor working and how to use them in practical circuits. It’s pretty fair to say that it’s nearly impossible to find a functioning circuit without using Capacitor. Capacitors are one of the most used component in a Electronic circuit.
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